Angkor Wat is a very large temple complex that is primarily square in shape. Currently the stone walls are white with brown stains caused by weathering. The brown color tends to be more apparent on the roofs of the structure. The temple itself is surrounded by a large stone wall with pillars supporting a small overhang. There are two types of towers that protrude from the temple. Smaller flat topped cylindrical towers mark the corners of the temple's inner wall. While the temple itself has five taller pointed cylindrical towers at its four corners and a large one present in the center. Angkor Wat contains various bas reliefs of important religious figures of the region. The building and entire complex was and is still primarily used as a religious site for both Buddhist and Hindu religions.
Image 1: 20171126_Angkor_Wat_4712_DxO (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/20171126_Angkor_Wat_4712_DxO.jpg)
Image 2: Angkor_Wat_M3 (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Angkor_Wat_M3.png)
Image 3: Angkor_Wat_(12224460023) (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Angkor_Wat_%2812224460023%29.jpg)
Image 4: Angkor_Wat_-_edificio_principale_2 (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Angkor_Wat_-_edificio_principale_2.jpg)
12th century (estimated date of construction)
1863 (French explorer Henri Mouhot come across Angkor Wat)
20th Century (Restoration projects begin)
1970's (Restoration projects halt due to political turmoil)
1992 (Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in danger status)
The Bayt al-Subyami is a 17th-century Ottoman house located in Cairo, Egypt. The house is rather rectangular, with a courtyard at the center of its three-story foundation. Primarily made from stone, the upper levels are made of timber and brickwork. Latticed screens allow privacy and light into the main rooms, adding a rich elegance to the spaces. The rooms are also decorated with painted beams and tiled ceilings/walls utilizing geometric patterns and floral motifs.
Image 1: Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Cairo,_Bayt_es-Suhaimi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_al-Suhaymi#/media/File:Flickr_-_Gaspa_-_Cairo,_Bayt_es-Suhaimi.jpg)
Image2: GD-EG-Caire-Suhaymi033 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_al-Suhaymi#/media/File:GD-EG-Caire-Suhaymi033.JPG)
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Image 4: GD-EG-Caire-Suhaymi023.JPG (https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GD-EG-Caire-Suhaymi023.JPG#mw-jump-to-license)
The Bazaar of Tabriz is a historic trading site in Iran and is considered one of the oldest markets still in use and in addition to being the largest covered bazaar in the world. Although no one knows who made the space, the structure dates back to the Silk Road and has been documented throughout history by explorers and scholars alike. Located at the heart of the city of Tabriz, the bazaar is built like a labyrinth with a very irregular footprint, completely shaped by the organic growth of society throughout centuries of trade. However, the structure has a very formulaic interior, with each of its very long vaulted corridors that intersect or extend in different directions to more open spaces. These larger, typically domed chambers function as market squares that specialize in a particular good, like jewelry or textiles. The Tabriz only extends about two levels in height, and the majority of the bazaar is only on a single story. It has numerous entries that connect to the surrounding streets around the structure. This allows a very controlled flow through narrow alleys that widen back onto the street or into the vaulted rooms with merchants. The bazaar is primarily built of interlocking bricks which are locally sourced to make the walls, arches, barrel vaults, and the rib details across the structure. The more decorative aspects of the space utilize glazed tiles, painted plaster, and more patterned bricks to create the earthy and inviting atmosphere that unifies the sprawling complex. The Bazaar of Tabriz is both a functional and symbolic structure of Iranian trade and cultural traditions. More than just a commercial hub, it also houses caravanserais, places of worship, and schools for learning, blending the social commerce space with religion, boarding, and education.
Image 1: 2880px-Bazaar_of_Tabriz,_carvaansray
Image 2:Gan-Dallazan_Bazar,_Tabriz,_Iran
The structure is considerably sound with a firm rectangular form, as it hails as one of the last structures to represent the German Colonial church structure. It includes two levels, two chimneys, and a belfry at the top. While it does feature a second level, it does appear that there is more space on the main lower level. It is also worth noting that it appears there were initial plans to have a basement level, however ultimately was not added. The structure presents a multitude of windows and doors. There are two front entrances on the North-East side of the structure that one may enter through. From there to the immediate left is the Structure’s auditorium. To the right of these entrances lies two bedrooms, a living room, and a kitchen toward the back right of the structure (facing from the front). There are similarly two exits through the back that leads directly to what appears to be a well. The second level also features a smaller auditorium, which is considered a part of the main one on the lower level, and another bedroom. The structure has an angled roof which does present in its interior design as well as the exterior design. Its patterns are quite simplistic in its exterior, with the majority of the building possessing a stone masonry wall into brick pattern. On its interior, its patterns are also simplistic, as they follow a simple white color into a more natural wood color on objects like window arches and doors. Its structural process and build deliver on the structure's signaling of religious context. It establishes an iconicity when we think of an old, colonial, well-established church in the United States.
Image1: Bethabara_Moravian_Church https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Bethabara_Moravian_Church.JPG
Image 2: Bethabara_Moravian_Church,_2147_Bethabara_Road_(State_Route_1681),_Old_Town,_Forsyth_County,_NC_HABS_NC,34-OLTO,1-_(sheet_1_of_6) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Bethabara_Moravian_Church%2C_2147_Bethabara_Road_%28State_Route_1681%29%2C_Old_Town%2C_Forsyth_County%2C_NC_HABS_NC%2C34-OLTO%2C1-_%28sheet_1_of_6%29.png
Image 3: Bethabara_Moravian_Church,_2147_Bethabara_Road_(State_Route_1681),_Old_Town,_Forsyth_County,_NC_HABS_NC,34-OLTO,1-_(sheet_2_of_6) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Bethabara_Moravian_Church%2C_2147_Bethabara_Road_%28State_Route_1681%29%2C_Old_Town%2C_Forsyth_County%2C_NC_HABS_NC%2C34-OLTO%2C1-_%28sheet_2_of_6%29.png
The main building, or principal block, is rectangular in shape and flanked by two courtyards–the east and west courts, respectively. Together, all three blocks make up the “Great Court”. The structure is built in the English Baroque style. Guests may enter the building through the north facade found at the center of the principal block, which is fronted by both Corinthian and Doric columns. There are three primary floors. Approximately 1,000 windows line the walls of the building, which illuminate its 187 rooms. The structure was primarily built with Cotswold, Portland, and Plymouth stone, however timber and slate have also been used in roof restoration projects. The stone is primarily golden in color.
Architect: Sir John Vanbrugh Patrons: Anne, Queen of Great Britain; John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
Image 1: Blenheim_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4753811 (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Blenheim_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4753811.jpg)
Image 2: https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.14928371
Image 3: https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.14934913
1705 - Construction begins 1722 - Construction is completed 1987 - Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Cathedral of Notre Dame; Notre Dame de Paris; Temple of Reason/Temple of the Supreme Being
Master Mason/Architect: Jean De Chelles (1250-1260)
image 1:Paris_Notre-Dame_Southeast_View_01,jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Paris_Notre-Dame_Southeast_View_01.JPG)
image 2:Notre-Dame_de_Paris_2013-07-24.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_2013-07-24.jpg)
1163 – Bishop Maurice de Sully begins construction of new cathedral.
1270 – South transept and rose window completed by Pierre de Montreuil.
15 April 2019 – A fire destroys a large part of the roof and the spire. Reconstruction begins two years later in 2021.
Fall 2024? - Notre Dame reopened after complete restoration.
The chieftain’s house at Lofotr Viking Museum is an overpowering recreation of Viking Age longhouses. Like many longhouses, both of Viking communities and around the world, it takes the shape of an oval with a convex roof, and is constructed primarily of natural materials, wood and turf. The building has various entrances along its length and is separated into five sections: the living quarters, the trash heap, the feast hall, the storage room, and the farm (byre). The interior and roof are supported by wooden pillars with intricate carvings. The museum combines the assumed aesthetics of Viking living spaces with modern innovations—lighting, exit signs, etc. During the Viking Age, longhouses would often be used as both an abode for the chieftain, his family, and his workers (usually working at the farm) and as a communal space. Most notable in this specific structure is the feast hall, where ceremonies were held and the chieftain displayed his power.
Image 1: Chieftain’s house (reconstruction).jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Chieftains_house_%28reconstruction%29.jpg)
Image 2: Viking museum Lofotr.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Viking_museum_Lofotr.jpg)
Image 3: Senja 17 080.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Senja_17_080.jpg)
500 AD - Original community is established
1986 - Archeological Excavation project begins
1995 - Reconstruction completed, museum opens
Created during the medieval ages this grand cathedral's original architects desire to create a grand sculpture to house the Reliquary of the Three Kings. While left incomplete until centuries further the cathedral would endure the times and tribulations of history. Withstanding countless shelling by the allied powers in WW2 standing tall amongst the flattened city. Adoring the cathedral's grand entrance intricately designed roofing dwarfs the viewer. On either side sculptures of religious figures stand proud. Pushing through the grand archway a rectangular floor plan holds the structural curvature of the walls and window sills. Extraordinarily open and grand the roofs utilize this to enhance acoustics boosting the faithful voices of the priest of the past. Stained glass windows adored with religious iconography line each rectangular wing. In the center a stage with a grandiose pipe organ hangs high a few stories upwards. Externally the footprint is a kin to a cross with a curved semi-circle northern wing. The facade continues up the front to the duel spires that reach high into the sky.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License;
1814 - Construction began again, increasing funding by the late 40's
1880 - Original Medieval plan is completed
The structure has a long, rectangular, vertical form in its layout. It does not have many levels as there is a singular set of steps at the front that lead you to the single floor. There are 2 doors (front and back) and 6 windows in total. This domestic structure makes it easy to move through the area, with connected rooms for habitation and a signature of no hallways. Its structure seems to follow a “box” like method, again relating back to its rectangular form. Its front stands out with pillars creating a small porch highlighted particularly with a swing. Its patterns are simplistic ones that you would find common for not only this domestic type structure, but for the domestic types of the region. Light enters through those windows. With its simple and compact structure, the shadows cast on the inside may be similar to those found in that of an ordinary structure. It is a similar effect with the structure on the outside, simple cast shadows caused by simple shapes. Wood plays a big role in the structure’s build. The pillars that help make up the front of the structure as well as the base structure appear to be made up of this wood. In addition to the wood, there are stones underneath the structure that elevate it. The structure plays a role in the cultural aspect of raising one of the most pulverizing celebrities and its region’s styles. In addition, Its build signals a working class status of the region and the structure’s time period.
Renovation architects: Johnson and McCarty
Image 1: Elvis_Presley's_birth_home_in_Tupelo,_Mississippi_LCCN2011633697 (1) (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Elvis_Presley%27s_birth_home_in_Tupelo%2C_Mississippi_LCCN2011633697.jpeg)
Originally Built: Began and completed in 1934
Tupelo, Mississippi, United States of America
The layout of the Ely Cathedral is that of a cross, with two large towers protruding into the sky at the cross's intersection and at its feet. The cathedral is about 21 stories tall, and the length of one and a half football fields. The main entrance is at the bottom of the cross layout. The structure itself is built out of stone, marble, and limestone. The exterior of the cathedral is ordinately decorated, showcasing various sizes in arches that are carved into the cathedrals walls, with scallops and crosses meticulously filling in each empty gap in the stone. The structure is a muddled gray color, showing faint signs of its survival through the centuries. On the tower where the entrance is, a large golden clock faces the visitors. Small turrets also reach to the sky in various places along the roof. Windows are generously carved into the cathedral, allowing much light to shine into the church. Many of the windows are made of stained glass, allowing for much color and life to be brought into the building. This building was used as a cathedral throughout history, allowing a place for people to come and worship. The religious building was created to encapsulate the sight of those who visit and for people to be in awe of its structure. As mentioned previously, the layout of the building is that of a cross. Seeing as this is a cathedral, the cross was a deliberate choice, invoking emotion of what Jesus Christ had gone through historically.
Image 1: Ely Cathedral from Quanea Drove F.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ely_Cathedral_from_Quanea_Drove_F.jpg)
Image 2: Ely Cathedral Choir, Cambridgeshire, UK - Diliff.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Ely_Cathedral_Choir%2C_Cambridgeshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg)
Image 3: Ely Cathedral Lady Chapel, Cambridgeshire, UK - Diliff.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Ely_Cathedral_Lady_Chapel%2C_Cambridgeshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg)
Image 4: Ely Cathedral High Altar, Cambridgeshire, UK - Diliff.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Ely_Cathedral_High_Altar%2C_Cambridgeshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg)
Image 5: Ely Cathedral February 2018 021.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Ely_Cathedral_February_2018_021.jpg)
Image 6: Ely Cathedral - Google Art Project.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ely_Cathedral_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
Image 7: Ely Cathedral From Air.jpg (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Ely_Cathedral_From_Air.jpg)
1081: Construction on current cathedral began